Islands • Language • docs.urbit.org

Challenge: Largest Island

We are given a map of an island archipelago and want to determine the size of the largest island. We begin with a 2-dimensional grid which is represented as a (list (list @ud)). Each @ud entry is either a 0, which represents water, or a 1, which represents land. We consider two land squares to be part of the same island if they are connected horizontally or vertically, not diagonally. We assume that the area outside of the map is entirely water.

You will write a generator islands that accepts a (list (list @ud)) and returns a @ud representing the size of the largest island. It should also crash if given an invalid input, for example, if every grid row (the inner (list @ud)) is not the same length, or if any @ud is greater than 1.

Example usage:

> +islands ~[~[0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0] ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0] ~[0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] ~[0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0] ~[0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0] ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0] ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0] ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0]]
6

This input returns 6 this map has a largest island of size 6.

> islands ~[~[0 1] ~[0 1 0]]
dojo: naked generator failure

> islands ~[~[0 1] ~[1 2]]
dojo: naked generator failure

Solutions

These solutions were submitted by the Urbit community as part of a competition in ~2024.3. They are made available under the MIT License and CC0. We ask you to acknowledge authorship should you utilize these elsewhere.

Solution #1

An efficient and clear solution by ~dabmul-matdel.

::  sizes.hoon
::
::  Given a map with islands find the size of the largest one.
::
|=  input=(list (list @ud))
^-  @ud
::  total number of rows
::
=/  nrows  (lent input)
::  row index
::
=|  i=@ud
::  map from initial island-id to final island-id
::
=|  islands=(map @ud @ud)
::  map from final-island id to island size
::
=|  sizes=(map @ud @ud)
::  map from cell coordinates to initial island-id
::
=|  cells=(map [@ud @ud] @ud)
::  previous row accessed in the loop
::
=|  prev-row=(list @ud)
::  previous number of columns in the previous row
::
=|  prev-ncols=@ud
|^
::  nested loop, outer loop
::
=*  outer  $
::  parsed all rows, exit
::
?:  =(i nrows)
  (max-value sizes)
::  current row
::
=/  row  (snag i input)
::  number of columns in current row
::
=/  ncols=@ud  (lent row)
::  raise error if mismatch in number of columns
::
?>  |(=(prev-ncols 0) =(ncols prev-ncols))
::  columns index
::
=|  j=@ud
::  nested loop, inner loop
::
|-  ^-  @ud
=*  inner  $
::  parsed all columns, next row
::
?:  =(j ncols)
  outer(i +(i), prev-row row, prev-ncols ncols)
::  error if cell value is not 0 or 1
::
?>  (lth (snag j row) 2)
::  if cell value is 1 we are in an island
::
?:  =((snag j row) 1)
  ::  is the cell above an island?
  ::
  ?:  &((gth i 0) =((snag j prev-row) 1))
    =/  island-id=@ud  (get-island i j %up)
    ::  are the islands left and above our current cell connected?
    ::
    ?:  &((gth j 0) =((snag (sub j 1) row) 1))
      =/  left-island-id  (get-island i j %left)
      :: if so just grow the island
      ::
      ?:  =(island-id left-island-id)
        =/  new  (grow-island i j island-id)
        %=  inner
          sizes  sizes.new
          cells  cells.new
          j  +(j)
        ==
      ::  otherwise merge islands left and above, and grow the merged island
      ::
      =/  new  (merge-and-grow-islands i j island-id left-island-id)
      %=  inner
        islands  islands.new
        sizes  sizes.new
        cells  cells.new
        j  +(j)
      ==
    ::  otherwise just grow the island
    ::
    =/  new  (grow-island i j island-id)
    %=  inner
      sizes  sizes.new
      cells  cells.new
      j  +(j)
    ==
  ::  is the cell to our left an island?
  ::
  ?:  &((gth j 0) =((snag (sub j 1) row) 1))
    :: if so just grow the island
    ::
    =/  island-id  (get-island i j %left)
    =/  new  (grow-island i j island-id)
    %=  inner
      sizes  sizes.new
      cells  cells.new
      j  +(j)
    ==
  ::  otherwise create a new island
  ::
  =/  new  (new-island i j)
  %=  inner
    islands  islands.new
    sizes  sizes.new
    cells  cells.new
    j  +(j)
  ==
::  nothing to do
::
inner(j +(j))
++  max-value
  ::    return the maximum value of a map
  ::
  ::  my-map: map with @ud key-value pairs
  ::
  |=  [my-map=(map @ud @ud)]
  ^-  @ud
  (~(rep by my-map) |=([[k=@ud v=@ud] cur=@ud] ?:((gth v cur) v cur)))
++  get-island
  ::    return the island id left or above given coordinates
  ::
  ::  i: row index
  ::  j: column index
  ::  dir: direction
  ::
  |=  [i=@ud j=@ud dir=?(%left %up)]
  ^-  @ud
  =<  +
  %-  ~(get by islands)
  ?-  dir
  %up  +:(~(get by cells) [(sub i 1) j])
  %left  +:(~(get by cells) [i (sub j 1)])
  ==
++  new-island
  ::    create a new island at given coordinates
  ::
  ::  i: row index
  ::  j: column index
  ::
  |=  [i=@ud j=@ud]
  =/  island-id  (add ~(wyt by islands) 1)
  [
  islands=(~(put by islands) island-id island-id)
  sizes=(~(put by sizes) island-id 1)
  cells=(~(put by cells) [i j] island-id)
  ]
++  grow-island
  ::    grow island at given coordinates with given id
  ::
  ::  i: row index
  ::  j: column index
  ::  island-id: island id
  ::
  |=  [i=@ud j=@ud island-id=@ud]
  [
  sizes=(~(put by sizes) island-id +(+:(~(get by sizes) island-id)))
  cells=(~(put by cells) [i j] island-id)
  ]
++  merge-and-grow-islands
  ::    merge two islands at given coordinates with given ids
  ::
  ::  i: row index
  ::  j: column index
  ::  island-id: island id
  ::  other-island-id: island id of other island
  ::
  |=  [i=@ud j=@ud island-id=@ud other-island-id=@ud]
  =/  sizes  (~(put by sizes) island-id (add +:(~(get by sizes) other-island-id) +:(~(get by sizes) island-id)))
  [
    islands=(~(put by islands) other-island-id island-id)
    sizes=(~(put by sizes) island-id +(+:(~(get by sizes) island-id)))
    cells=(~(put by cells) [i j] island-id)
  ]
--

Solution #2

An excellent solution by ~ramteb-tinmut.

::  islands.hoon
::  Just the wind and the sea, and the stars to guide you.
::
|=  archipelago=(list (list @ud))
^-  @ud
=/  greatest-isle  0
=<
=/  stretch  (lent archipelago)
=/  span  (lent (snag 0 archipelago))
:: Validate the incoming dataset - or else wreck
::
?:  !(levy archipelago |=(row=(list @ud) &(=((lent row) span) (levy row |=(cell=@ud (lth cell 2))))))
  !!
:: All hands make-sail, t'gansuls and courses - stand by the braces!
::
(voyage [archipelago stretch span 0 0 0])
|%
++  voyage
  |=  [archipelago=(list (list @ud)) stretch=@ud span=@ud lat=@ud long=@ud greatest-isle=@ud]
  ^-  @ud
  :: Completion - set the royals and stunsails, return to port
  ?:  =(lat (lent archipelago))
    greatest-isle
  :: Edge of the map: great serpents barr our course [~] ... turn south
  ::
  =/  course  (snag lat archipelago)
  ?:  =(long (lent course))
    $(long 0, lat +(lat))
  :: Land ho? (ie cell == 1)
  :: 
  ?:  =((snag long course) 1)
    :: Explore the extents of new land
    ::
    =/  newfound-land  0
    =/  revised-map  `(list (list @ud))`~
    =^  newfound-land  revised-map
      (landing-party [archipelago lat long stretch span 0])
    :: Maybe update the largest found island?
    ::
    ?:  (gth newfound-land greatest-isle)
      $(long +(long), archipelago revised-map, greatest-isle newfound-land)
    $(long +(long), archipelago revised-map)
  :: Just the endless ocean. Sail East
  ::
  $(long +(long), archipelago (snap archipelago lat (snap course long 8)))
++  landing-party
  |=  [archipelago=(list (list @ud)) lat=@ud long=@ud stretch=@ud span=@ud size=@ud]
  ^-  [@ud (list (list @ud))]
  :: Check if current cell is (still) land - and not already visited
  ::
  ?:  =((snag long (snag lat archipelago)) 1)
    ::  Make note of our location, before the rum starts flowing - then explore
    ::
    =/  new-size  +(size)
    =/  revised-map  (snap archipelago lat (snap (snag lat archipelago) long 8))
    :: North
    ::
    =^  new-size  revised-map
      ?:  !=(lat 0)
        $(lat (dec lat), archipelago revised-map, size new-size) 
      [new-size revised-map]
    :: South
    ::
    =^  new-size  revised-map
      ?:  !=(lat (dec stretch))
        $(lat +(lat), archipelago revised-map, size new-size)
      [new-size revised-map]
    :: East
    ::
    =^  new-size  revised-map
      ?:  !=(long (dec span))
        $(long +(long), archipelago revised-map, size new-size)
      [new-size revised-map]
    :: West
    ::
    =^  new-size  revised-map
      ?:  !=(long 0)
        $(long (dec long), archipelago revised-map, size new-size)
      [new-size revised-map]
    [new-size revised-map]
  ::  No more lands - ¡rückkehr zum schiff! 
  ::
  [size archipelago]
--

Unit Tests

Following a principle of test-driven development, the unit tests below allow us to check for expected behavior. To run the tests yourself, follow the instructions in the Unit Tests section.

/+  *test
/=  islands  /gen/islands
|%
::  tests for success
++  test-01
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        ~[~[1]]
++  test-02
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`0
    !>  %-  islands
        ~[~[0]]
++  test-03
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`0
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0]
        ~[0 0]
        ==
++  test-04
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0]
        ~[0 0]
        ==
++  test-05
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1]
        ~[0 0]
        ==
++  test-06
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0]
        ~[1 0]
        ==
++  test-07
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0]
        ~[0 1]
        ==
++  test-08
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1]
        ~[0 0]
        ==
++  test-09
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0]
        ~[1 0]
        ==
++  test-10
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0]
        ~[1 1]
        ==
++  test-11
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1]
        ~[0 1]
        ==
++  test-12
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0]
        ~[0 1]
        ==
++  test-13
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1]
        ~[1 0]
        ==
++  test-14
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`3
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1]
        ~[1 1]
        ==
++  test-15
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`3
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0]
        ~[1 1]
        ==
++  test-16
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`3
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1]
        ~[0 1]
        ==
++  test-17
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`3
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1]
        ~[1 0]
        ==
++  test-18
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`4
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1]
        ~[1 1]
        ==
++  test-19
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`4
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1 0]
        ~[1 1 0]
        ==        
++  test-20
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 1]
        ==    
++  test-21
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0 1]
        ~[1 0 1]
        ==   
++  test-22
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`5
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 1]
        ~[1 1 1]
        ==     
++  test-23
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`3
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 1]
        ~[1 0 1]
        ==     
++  test-24
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0]
        ==  
++  test-25
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 1]
        ~[1 0 0]
        ==  
++  test-26
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0]
        ==
++  test-27
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`2
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1 0]
        ~[0 0 1]
        ==
:: random grids
++  test-28
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`5
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 1 1 1]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1]
        ==
++  test-29
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`5
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 1 1]
        ~[0 0 1 1 0]
        ==
++  test-30
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`5
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1 0 1 1]
        ~[1 1 0 1 1]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0]
        ==
++  test-31
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`20
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0]
        ~[1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0]
        ~[1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0]
        ~[1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1]
        ~[1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0]
        ==
++  test-32
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`18
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1]
        ~[1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0]
        ~[1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1]
        ~[0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ==
++  test-33
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`10
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0]
        ==
++  test-34
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`1
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ==
++  test-35
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`6
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ==
++  test-36
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`6
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0]
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1]
        ==
++  test-37
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`4
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ==
++  test-38
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`21
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1]
        ~[0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1]
        ==
++  test-39
  %+  expect-eq
    !>  `@ud`9
    !>  %-  islands
        :~  
        ~[0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1]
        ~[0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0]
        ~[1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1]
        ==
:: test for crash
++  test-40
    %-  expect-fail
    |.  %-  islands
        :: digit greater than 1 in matrix
        :~
        ~[0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0]
        ~[1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1]
        ~[0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0]
        ~[1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1]
        ==
++  test-41
    %-  expect-fail
    |.  %-  islands
        :: one row too short
        :~  
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1]
        ~[0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1]
        ==
++  test-42
    %-  expect-fail
    |.  %-  islands
        :: one row too long
        :~  
        ~[1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1]
        ~[1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0]
        ~[1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1]
        ~[0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0]
        ~[0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0]
        ~[0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0]
        ~[0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1]
        ==
--